International cargo shipping in Nigeria is a core part of the country’s trade and supply chain network. From Lagos to Port Harcourt and beyond, thousands of businesses and individuals move goods across borders every day. Understanding how international freight works can help you avoid delays, reduce costs, and make informed shipping decisions. This guide breaks down the process with clear, Nigeria-focused insights.
What International Cargo Shipping in Nigeria Involves
International cargo shipping in Nigeria refers to transporting goods between Nigerian ports and foreign destinations by sea. It covers containerised cargo, breakbulk freight, vehicles, machinery, and consolidated shipments.
The process typically includes:
- Export documentation
- Customs procedures
- Container loading
- Sea freight transport
- Destination port processing
- Final pickup by the receiver
Unlike domestic shipping, international freight requires compliance with global maritime regulations and destination-country requirements.
Types of International Cargo Shipping Available in Nigeria
Several shipping methods support different cargo sizes and budgets.
Containerised Shipping (FCL and LCL)
- FCL (Full Container Load): One shipper uses an entire 20ft or 40ft container.
- LCL (Less than Container Load): Several shippers share container space.
Useful for businesses shipping bulk or smaller commercial goods.
Roll-on/Roll-off Shipping (RoRo)
Suitable for vehicles, trucks, tractors, and machinery that can be driven onto the vessel.
Breakbulk Shipping
Used for cargo that cannot fit into standard containers, such as large equipment or construction materials.
Refrigerated Container Shipping (Reefer)
Ideal for temperature-controlled goods like food, pharmaceuticals, and perishables.
How International Cargo Shipping Works in Nigeria
A clear understanding of the steps helps you plan timelines realistically.
1. Cargo Preparation and Packaging
Secure packaging is essential due to long sea transit times.
2. Export Documentation
Typical documents include:
- Form M
- Proforma/commercial invoice
- Packing list
- SONCAP certificate (when required)
- Clean Certificate of Inspection (CCI), depending on cargo type
3. Customs Processing and Clearance
Customs authorities inspect the cargo, verify documents, and approve the shipment.
4. Loading at the Port
Cargo is loaded at ports such as Apapa, Tin Can, Onne, or Calabar.
5. Sea Freight Transit
Transit times vary by region—Europe, Asia, the Middle East, North America, and West Africa each have different shipping windows.
6. Arrival and Import Clearance at Destination Port
The receiving port processes the cargo for collection by the consignee or their agent.
Common Challenges in International Cargo Shipping in Nigeria
Shippers often face a few predictable obstacles.
Likely Issues
- Port congestion and vessel delays
- Incomplete or inconsistent documentation
- Changes in customs policies
- High demurrage and storage fees when clearance is delayed
- Unpredictable international freight rate increases
Preparing documents correctly, tracking schedules, and planning for seasonal delays helps reduce these challenges.
Costs Involved in International Cargo Shipping
Price factors include:
- Container size (20ft, 40ft, HQ)
- Cargo weight and volume
- Shipping route and destination
- Type of cargo (general, dangerous, reefer, breakbulk)
- Peak or off-peak shipping season
- Port charges and handling fees
A typical international shipping quote may include:
- Ocean freight
- Documentation charges
- Terminal handling
- Container deposit (refundable)
- Local transportation to the port (if needed)
Best Practices for Smooth International Shipping from Nigeria
Follow these steps to reduce risks and ensure timely delivery.
- Confirm destination country requirements before shipping.
- Use proper labelling and packaging for long-distance transport.
- Prepare documents early to prevent customs delays.
- Track your shipment once loaded on the vessel.
- Arrange a receiver in advance at the destination port for faster clearance.
Who Should Use International Cargo Shipping?
This shipping method is ideal for:
- Businesses exporting goods to overseas markets
- Importers sourcing products internationally
- Individuals shipping personal effects abroad
- Companies moving machinery or vehicles
- Traders needing reliable cross-border freight
